Rapidly Formed Multilayered Strata
USGS photograph (used with permission) from Mt Saint Helens. It reveals multiple layers of strata that had been laid down rapidly or simultaneously, and with buried trees within the strata. Thus, individual strata do not necessarily require significant gaps of time between formation of the layers, and large trees can be catastrophically buried rapidly and not just gradually settling in the mud.
C14/C12 Ratio in Different Sedimentary Strata
MEASURABLE 14C IN FOSSILIZED ORGANIC MATERIALS:
CONFIRMING THE YOUNG EARTH CREATION-FLOOD MODEL
Presented: Fifth International Conference on Creationism
August 4-8, 2003
Copyright 2003 by Creation Science Fellowship, Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA USA - All Rights Reserved
JOHN BAUMGARDNER, PH.D. LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABRATORY*
D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, PH.D.INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH*
ANDREW A. SNELLING, PH.D.INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH*
STEVEN A. AUSTIN, PH.D.INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH*
ABSTRACT
"Given the short 14C half-life of 5730 years, organic materials purportedly older than 250,000 years, corresponding to 43.6 half-lives, should contain absolutely no detectable 14C. (One gram of modern carbon contains about 6 x 1010 14C atoms, and 43.6 half-lives should reduce that number by a factor of 7.3 x 10-14.) An astonishing discovery made over the past twenty years is that, almost without exception, when tested by highly sensitive accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) methods, organic samples from every portion of the Phanerozoic record show detectable amounts of 14C! 14C/C ratios from all but the youngest Phanerozoic samples appear to be clustered in the range 0.1-0.5 pmc (percent modern carbon), regardless of geological ‘age.’ A straightforward conclusion that can be drawn from these observations is that all but the very youngest Phanerozoic organic material was buried contemporaneously much less than 250,000 years ago. This is consistent with the Biblical account of a global Flood that destroyed most of the air-breathing life on the planet in a single brief cataclysm only a few thousand years ago."
found at www.globalflood.org/papers/20031CCc14.html
CONFIRMING THE YOUNG EARTH CREATION-FLOOD MODEL
Presented: Fifth International Conference on Creationism
August 4-8, 2003
Copyright 2003 by Creation Science Fellowship, Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA USA - All Rights Reserved
JOHN BAUMGARDNER, PH.D. LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABRATORY*
D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, PH.D.INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH*
ANDREW A. SNELLING, PH.D.INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH*
STEVEN A. AUSTIN, PH.D.INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH*
ABSTRACT
"Given the short 14C half-life of 5730 years, organic materials purportedly older than 250,000 years, corresponding to 43.6 half-lives, should contain absolutely no detectable 14C. (One gram of modern carbon contains about 6 x 1010 14C atoms, and 43.6 half-lives should reduce that number by a factor of 7.3 x 10-14.) An astonishing discovery made over the past twenty years is that, almost without exception, when tested by highly sensitive accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) methods, organic samples from every portion of the Phanerozoic record show detectable amounts of 14C! 14C/C ratios from all but the youngest Phanerozoic samples appear to be clustered in the range 0.1-0.5 pmc (percent modern carbon), regardless of geological ‘age.’ A straightforward conclusion that can be drawn from these observations is that all but the very youngest Phanerozoic organic material was buried contemporaneously much less than 250,000 years ago. This is consistent with the Biblical account of a global Flood that destroyed most of the air-breathing life on the planet in a single brief cataclysm only a few thousand years ago."
found at www.globalflood.org/papers/20031CCc14.html
Apparent Age of the Universe Article:
"The apparent age of the time dilated universe: Explaining the missing intracluster media in globular clusters"
by Ronald G. Samec Ph.D. Physics (1987)
"In creation time dilation cosmologies (e.g. Humphreys and Hartnett), while the earth experiences less than 10,000 years of recorded history (God’s time clock), millions, and possibly billions, of years pass in the distant universe...According to these considerations and to Scripture, the apparent age of the cosmos is much lower than the ‘astronomical’ age assumed by the cosmologists: 'For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day'” (Exodus 20:11)." Article from Creation Ministries International online 4-24-15.
Living Fossils
Living Fossils are an oxymoron. They are not to be expected if evolution and the supposed selective pressures assumed to produce grossly different structures has and is occurring. In the first row is living dragonfly virtually identical to a fossil one-from the designated Triassic Period. It is assumed, by evolutionists, that the Triassic strata are 200-250 MYO. The 2nd row includes a fossil Gingko leaf designated Eocene Period and assumed 50 MYO. (Permit from Wikipedia User:SNP CCA 3.0) And there is a living Gingko leaf. In the 2nd row to the left is a fossil and a living deciduous leaf. The type is unknown to me, but deciduous fossil leaves are found in the designated Cretaceous Period, assumed to be 160 MYO. In the 3rd row is a fossil Coelocanth and a recent living but preserved one. The fossil picture is from an unknown strata, but other fossils are known to come from the designated Jurassic Period assumed to be 165-`145 MYO. (Permit to use pereserved one from Wikipedia Alberto F Fernandez CNU 1.2). The 4th row shows a living and two fossil nautiluses-preserved under different conditions. (Permit to use the living nautilus photo from Mark Spencer-please do not reproduce.) Fossil nautili have been found in the designated Cambrian, assumed 500 MYO. There is a great variety in shapes from straight to curled-but all with the basic structure of chambers. The 5th row has a living jellyfish and a fossil one.The oldest jellyfish have be purported in designated Cambrian strata assumed 500 MYO, and virtually unchanged to the living ones. Sand dollars are both fossil and living ones, to the left 5th row. Fossil sand dollars are found in designated Paleocene strata, assumed to be 60 MYO. The fossil one is to the left of the recent living one's exo-skeleton.
There should be no "Living Fossils" according to evolutionary concepts, but there are. But these are reasonable observations to be placed within the concept of a recent worldwide flood. Please note that I listed the time periods as "designated" and ages as "assumed".This was done so the reader would understand that I do not accept these concepts, but use them to show the supposed vast periods of time, if they were true, in which there would have been no evolution of these examples representative of many "Living Fossils". This is strong observable evidence against evolution. See article below for more information on Living Fossils.
There should be no "Living Fossils" according to evolutionary concepts, but there are. But these are reasonable observations to be placed within the concept of a recent worldwide flood. Please note that I listed the time periods as "designated" and ages as "assumed".This was done so the reader would understand that I do not accept these concepts, but use them to show the supposed vast periods of time, if they were true, in which there would have been no evolution of these examples representative of many "Living Fossils". This is strong observable evidence against evolution. See article below for more information on Living Fossils.
10 Best Evidences for a Young Earth (from Answers in Genesis)
#1 Fossil Dinosaur Skin-consistent with rapid burial and preservation of sift tissues of animals. #2 Very little sediment on the sea floor; #3 Bent Rock layers (see pictures on this website); #4 Faint Sun Paradox; #5 Rapid Decaying Magnetic Field; #6 Helium in Radioactive Rocks; #7 Carbon-14 in fossils, coal, and diamonds; #8 Short-lived comets; #9 Very little salt in the sea; and #10 DNA in 'Ancient' bacteria.
Picture by JGL of fossil dinosaur skin at the Museum of Natural History NM.Please do not download.
#1 Fossil Dinosaur Skin-consistent with rapid burial and preservation of sift tissues of animals. #2 Very little sediment on the sea floor; #3 Bent Rock layers (see pictures on this website); #4 Faint Sun Paradox; #5 Rapid Decaying Magnetic Field; #6 Helium in Radioactive Rocks; #7 Carbon-14 in fossils, coal, and diamonds; #8 Short-lived comets; #9 Very little salt in the sea; and #10 DNA in 'Ancient' bacteria.
Picture by JGL of fossil dinosaur skin at the Museum of Natural History NM.Please do not download.
Sequoia and Bristlecone Pine Trees: One is the Largest Living Thing and the Other Probably One of the Oldest
Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia Giant sequoias are the world's largest single trees and largest living thing by volume. Giant sequoias grow to an average height of 50–85 m (164–279 ft) and 6–8 m (20–26 ft) in diameter. Record trees have been measured to be 94.8 m (311 ft) in height and over 17 m (56 ft) in diameter.[3]The oldest known giant sequoia based on ring count is 3,500 years old. Giant Sequoias are among the oldest living things on Earth. It should be noted however, that tree ring dating is problematic and is best used in comparing ages of different human artifacts where at least one of them has been associated or correlated with written artifacts. The relative times of different sites of archaeological housings with timber construction can often be compared. But all this is useful only within a few hundred to thousand years.
The Bristlecone Pine Tree: Probably the Oldest Living Thing on Earth
The Bristlecone Pine (representative below) is thought to be the oldest at 4,600 years old. Again, there is some extrapolation of data in that it is assumed that only one tree ring developed per year which would require a consistent constant cycling of the seasons-as rings are affected by climatic changes. If correct it would argue for a short time since the Noah Flood Event, after which all plant life would have had to begun regrowing. However, 4000-5000 years would be reasonable for the length of time from the worldwide Flood of Noah and present time as presented by the Bible. The correlation of some fossil forms of pines with living ones (or recently dead) would only argue for these possibly being "living fossils"; that is trees growing before the Flood, and consistent with burial of the trees during Noah's Flood and not necessarily a greater antiquity of the trees. (The elongated ages are due to certain assumptions regarding the dating of strata the fossils are found in, and is estimated at 40 million years-see R. M. Lanner "The Bristlecone Book" page 16.) The trees are growing on sedimentary rock composed of limestone "fossil shells and skeletons of marine animals" per a park display. It, the Reed Dolomite, gives the mountain a whitish appearance and thus may be part of the reason for the name "The White Mountains".
Please note that any geological dating method is only accurate to the observed rate of decay or accumulation. Extrapolations outside of the observed data can be in error. It should be noted that C-14 values and with calculated decay rates have been compared to the number of tree rings on the Bristlecone pine. There is a correlation to only 500-1,000 years and then the extrapolated rate of decay of C-14 falls off the graph compared the estimated age of the pines. (See Article "Telling Time" by Mark Gidwitz in Archaeology March/April 2001, page 40.)
Sequoia and Bristle-cone (from California) photos by JGL.
The Bristlecone Pine Tree: Probably the Oldest Living Thing on Earth
The Bristlecone Pine (representative below) is thought to be the oldest at 4,600 years old. Again, there is some extrapolation of data in that it is assumed that only one tree ring developed per year which would require a consistent constant cycling of the seasons-as rings are affected by climatic changes. If correct it would argue for a short time since the Noah Flood Event, after which all plant life would have had to begun regrowing. However, 4000-5000 years would be reasonable for the length of time from the worldwide Flood of Noah and present time as presented by the Bible. The correlation of some fossil forms of pines with living ones (or recently dead) would only argue for these possibly being "living fossils"; that is trees growing before the Flood, and consistent with burial of the trees during Noah's Flood and not necessarily a greater antiquity of the trees. (The elongated ages are due to certain assumptions regarding the dating of strata the fossils are found in, and is estimated at 40 million years-see R. M. Lanner "The Bristlecone Book" page 16.) The trees are growing on sedimentary rock composed of limestone "fossil shells and skeletons of marine animals" per a park display. It, the Reed Dolomite, gives the mountain a whitish appearance and thus may be part of the reason for the name "The White Mountains".
Please note that any geological dating method is only accurate to the observed rate of decay or accumulation. Extrapolations outside of the observed data can be in error. It should be noted that C-14 values and with calculated decay rates have been compared to the number of tree rings on the Bristlecone pine. There is a correlation to only 500-1,000 years and then the extrapolated rate of decay of C-14 falls off the graph compared the estimated age of the pines. (See Article "Telling Time" by Mark Gidwitz in Archaeology March/April 2001, page 40.)
Sequoia and Bristle-cone (from California) photos by JGL.
Tree Ring Dating
"It has been found that all trees, even slow-growing ones, respond dynamically to tiny environmental changes, even hourly changes in growing conditions. Scientists have observed that numerous “normal” conditions can produce an extra ring or no ring at all. Weather was fingered as the most “guilty” culprit. Unusual storms with abundant rainfall interspersed with dry periods can produce multiple rings, essentially one per major storm. Thus, the basic assumption of tree ring dating is demonstrably in error. Can we trust the overlapping calibration curves?..."
Evidence for multiple ring growth per year in Bristlecone Pines
"The great ages claimed for certain individual Bristlecone Pine trees (Pinus longaeva) and the Bristlecone Pine master-chronology, conflict with biblical earth history. The ages, however, are based on the assumption that the trees grew no more than one ring per year. Creationists have proposed that these supposed old Bristlecone Pines (BCPs), including the ones that make up the master-chronology, have grown more than one ring per year. If these trees did grow more than one ring per year, the conflict between the ages of these trees and the biblical record is resolved. This paper compiles and examines some of the evidence for multiple ring growth per year in Bristlecone Pine..."
Tree ring dating (dendrochronology)
"Recent research on seasonal effects on tree rings in other trees in the same genus, the plantation pine Pinus radiata, has revealed that up to five rings per year can be produced and extra rings are often indistinguishable, even under the microscope, from annual rings. As a tree physiologist I would say that evidence of false rings in any woody tree species would cast doubt on claims that any particular species has never in the past produced false rings. Evidence from within the same genus surely counts much more strongly against such the notion. Creationists have shown that the biblical kind is usually larger than the ‘species’ and in many cases even larger than the ’genus’..."
Problems with Radiometric Dating Methods
Dr J L Wile a nuclear scientist has commented, "Here, then, is one fundamental reason I am skeptical of an ancient earth. We have been studying science for a few thousand years. In general, the main methods used to tell us that the earth is billions of years old are based on techniques that use radioactive processes. Well, we have been studying radioactivity for about 100 years. In order to use radioactivity to come to the conclusion that the earth is billions of years old, we must assume that FOR BILLIONS OF YEARS, radioactive processes have behaved exactly the way we have observed them for the past 100 years...Indeed, not only has Otto Reifenschweiler shown that the half-life of tritium can change significantly depending on the chemical environment and temperature (“Reduced radioactivity of tritium in small titanium particles,” Phys Lett A184:149-153, 1994), but there is now strong evidence that small changes in half-life occur when the distance between the earth and sun changes! (Davide Castelvecchi, Science News 174:20, 2008). Thus, to assume that radioactive processes have behaved over BILLIONS of years the way we have observed them for the past 100 is just not reasonable at this time." See his website and the whole article at the link below.
As well, it should be noted that the precursor/product ratios of any of the radioactive series is unknown and will never be known-it is a past event not measured by man. JGL comment.
As well, it should be noted that the precursor/product ratios of any of the radioactive series is unknown and will never be known-it is a past event not measured by man. JGL comment.
Rapidly Forming Desert Varnish
Desert varnish grows much faster than geologists
Michael J. Oard
"Dozens of geological processes are commonly claimed to proceed too slowly for the short timescale of the Bible...
'Desert varnish is a type of rock varnish that forms in dry, warm environments ...Rock varnish is defined as:'A thin dark shiny film or coating composed of iron oxide accompanied by traces of organic matter, manganese oxide, and silica. It is formed on the surfaces of pebbles, boulders, and other rock fragments.'
Desert varnish can form rapidly. Recently, desert varnish has been discovered to form much more rapidly than the slow rates given by Liu and Broecker, as well as many others.Based on lead from nearby smelters being deposited within the rock varnish, actual physical measurements could be made. Based on smelters operating at three locations from 1870 to 1931, it was discovered that desert varnish accumulated at rates of 28 to 639 microns per thousand years! Given that the thickest varnishes are up to around 200 microns thick, it becomes evident that thick desert varnish can grow in hundreds to a few thousand years:...
If a much wetter ice age climate were taken into account, growth rates would have been even faster, since varnish in these environments can grow one to two orders of magnitude more rapidly than the slow rate assumed for deserts. In other words, any rock varnish seen on the surface of the earth can form in the time since the Flood! Rock varnish is no longer a ‘contradiction’ to the short timescale of the Bible..."
See below link for full report. Photo of desert varnish on metamorphic sandstone is from Bristlecone National Park, White Mountains CA. Photo by JGL.
Michael J. Oard
"Dozens of geological processes are commonly claimed to proceed too slowly for the short timescale of the Bible...
'Desert varnish is a type of rock varnish that forms in dry, warm environments ...Rock varnish is defined as:'A thin dark shiny film or coating composed of iron oxide accompanied by traces of organic matter, manganese oxide, and silica. It is formed on the surfaces of pebbles, boulders, and other rock fragments.'
Desert varnish can form rapidly. Recently, desert varnish has been discovered to form much more rapidly than the slow rates given by Liu and Broecker, as well as many others.Based on lead from nearby smelters being deposited within the rock varnish, actual physical measurements could be made. Based on smelters operating at three locations from 1870 to 1931, it was discovered that desert varnish accumulated at rates of 28 to 639 microns per thousand years! Given that the thickest varnishes are up to around 200 microns thick, it becomes evident that thick desert varnish can grow in hundreds to a few thousand years:...
If a much wetter ice age climate were taken into account, growth rates would have been even faster, since varnish in these environments can grow one to two orders of magnitude more rapidly than the slow rate assumed for deserts. In other words, any rock varnish seen on the surface of the earth can form in the time since the Flood! Rock varnish is no longer a ‘contradiction’ to the short timescale of the Bible..."
See below link for full report. Photo of desert varnish on metamorphic sandstone is from Bristlecone National Park, White Mountains CA. Photo by JGL.
Response to Geochronology : Understanding the Uncertainties, a presentation by Justin Payne
(nuclear physicist Jim Mason responds to J Payne)
Dr Mason does a tremendous job responding to Dr Payne's presentation in which he,Payne, defends long ages of the earth to a group called "Reasonable Faith Adelaide".
"So in summary:
- it is important to differentiate data collected by the scientific method from an interpretation of these data
- it is important to understand the assumptions that are used in the interpretation of data
- it is important to understand the presuppositions that underlie assumptions and interpretation
- applying a uniformitarian assumption can easily result in a wrong answer
- the presupposition of naturalism/materialism is restrictive and can easily preclude getting the correct answer
'Our willingness to accept scientific claims that are against common sense is the key to an understanding of the real struggle between science and the supernatural. We take the side of science in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promises of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories, because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to materialism. It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us to accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.'”
(see the article for reference to the Lewontin quote.)
Helium in Zircon Crystals
Helium Retention in Zircons Demonstrates a Young Earth
BY Vernon R. Cupps PHD. | FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2018
BY Vernon R. Cupps PHD. | FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2018
“…The RATE team concluded that although approximately 1.5 billion years of U/Th decay at today’s decay rates occurred within the GT-2 borehole rock, helium generated by that decay had only been escaping for about 5,700 years, which is why large amounts of helium were still present in the zircons. This discrepancy can be resolved if there was a time in the past in which nuclear decay rates were much higher. This is strong observational evidence that at some time in the past, accelerated nuclear decay did occur…RATE zircon/helium measurements showing only thousands of years provide powerful evidence for recent creation.” See link below.